Dr. Kelman is the Richard Clarke Cabot Professor of Social Ethics, emeritus, at Harvard University. This article is based on a lecture presented at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel, on November 30, 2010. A previous version, "Negotiating a Historic Compromise: New Opportunities in the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process," appeared in "Resolving the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Perspectives on the Peace Process," M. Salinas & H. Abu Rabi, Eds. (Cambria Press, 2009).