The following is a transcript of the eighty-third in a series of Capitol Hill conferences convened by the Middle East Policy Council. The meeting was held at the Rayburn House Office Building in Washington, DC, on January 21, 2016, with Patrick Theros, former U.S. ambassador to Qatar and an MEPC board member, as moderator and Thomas R. Mattair as discussant. The video can be accessed at www.mepc.org.