Dr. Mandela is former president of South Africa and the African National Congress. He received the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his work in ending apartheid in South Africa. The following is the text of the fourth in an annual series of Sadat Lectures, delivered November 14, 2001, at the University of Maryland, under the sponsorship of the Anwar Sadat Chair in Peace and Development. The chair is held by Shibley Telhami, a member of the Editorial Advisory Committee of the Middle East Policy Council.